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The researchers also use this method. Either method frequently used to measure the diameter of the point rainfall is to use flour that is put on a place and left open under the rain, and can be counted diameter of a grain rain. Results from several measurement with the flour using this method the most accurate data is measurements made by Laws & Parsons. They do measurements in Washington DC for some type of rain.
Along with the development of increasingly sophisticated technology the measurement is done using the latest modern equipment. Equipment including the other: electromechanical sensor that is known by the name "Disdrometer" change the dots fall on the rain into a cavity pulse electrics, besides there is also called the electrostatic sensor measure the diameter size of the rain that point depends on the electric point charge on the rain, have also called the optical detector 2 fruits emit parallel light beam that can measure the size of the diameter and speed of the rain through the beam.
After finding a way to make measurements on diameter that point the rain is very small. This method on a which are given a pot of oil and placed under rain. Then dots of light rain in the top of the oil with the relatively small size can be measured. Thickness of oil can be make a point without oil penetrate rain damaged (broken). Point rain smallest diameter that can be measured is 0.025 mm.

Form and Size of Rainfall
Form of measurement of rainfall has been made by the researchers. This measurement indicates that the point rainfall has a diameter > 1 mm have a spheroidal shape (such as the ball) with a flat base. At the point where the process of rain fall and be on air will pro late spheroid shape, and after fall over the land surface will oblate spheroid shape. Measuring the depth of rainfall from one of the refers to Beard & Pruppacher. They use design vent with very carefully to minimize the turbulence in the flow of air so that they can reach the point of rain the ideal.
Form of the rain in the final speed can be calculated if the theoretical equation describing the settlement of stability internal and external pressure on the surface point rain. This is difficult done to complete the analytical equation. With assumption that the point is that rains oblate spheroid, Sphilhaus calculate the axial ratio of rainfall with a large introduction of some measurements by using the coefficient formula:
Axial ratio=a/b
a=high radius of rainfall
b=width radius of rainfall

Jones measure the shape of each of the two speckle camera the optically axis mutually orthogonal and are on the field horizontal axial ratio to find out the truth. Results shows that the forms Lighted from oblate to pro late spheroid. Example to drop ball equivolumetric with radius A0 1.5 mm axial ratio a / b is from 0.6 to 1.2, where 2a and 2b is the width of the spotty. Speck can be seen in the picture below
Differences in measurements of the two axial ratio appears to widen even consider the conditions and methods of measurement different. The form of droplets of water fall on the speed of the terminal can be calculated theoretically if the settlement of a describing equation balance of internal and external pressure on the speckled surface.
Imai calculate form of low rainfall (patter-patter) with the assumption of potential flow around the point and find the rain that point to a more rain to form oblate spheroid. Look at the picture below. (a) oblate spheroid (b) prolate speheroid.
Pruppacher and Pitter found that the measurement of pressure aerodinamic around the surface of a rigid sphere is very close to the pressure that is permitted (without internal pressure in the internal circulation) from the calculation of the water droplets form of point rainfall measurements. Look at the picture below. Thirteen forms which measured by Pruppacher and Pitter.
By using this invention they solve numerical equality of pressure balance and the shape of point rainfall in various sizes. Comparison between calculation and point measurements of rainfall show that the agreement is very good.

From oxygen in the atmosphere, rain is a attenuation factor which causes the most dominant. Problems propagation in millimeter wave communication system that operates in the high frequency attenuation GHz is caused by the rain. The influence of rain attenuation against propagation radio waves start become significant at frequencies ≥ 10 GHz. The higher frequency, the greater attenuation rainfall experienced. Of course this technology for applications in tropical countries such as Indonesia, rain attenuation which is a function of the size distribution of point rain will be essential given the problems that the tropics have high rainfall

To be able to understand the process and the amount of interference radio waves by rain, need to know the nature and condition atmosphere and the parameters that affect the rain attenuation occurrence, such as the size of point rainfall, point rain rate, rainfall rain and the length of the track waves through the region rain. The attenuation amount of rain on a certain trajectory determined by the nature micro physic (dielectric nature and composition, temperature, shape, size distribution, orientation) and macro physic (profile variations in nature micro physic in different types of rainfall and climate) from the rain.


Rainfall, water like Hamburger from Sky
Water, and all the other molecules in the nature, have particularity. Changes small on the nature of water that has been perfect in every detail this will impact damage for life. Let us see only one of them, namely the form of drops of rain water. Contrary to the understanding
general, grain is not water down the rain-like droplets in the form of tear or similar form of salak fruit. Fact, rain water droplets rounded shape at just fall out of cloud. For grain rain water is small, rounded form of this last. However, for larger grain, the falling down, change shape and
more like half a ball flat. In English visibility called this regular hamburger-bun shape or form of bread burger: flat on the surface beneath and around the surface top (see picture). Changes in the form of this style of press due to the air on the bottom surface of the water droplets that are rain to fall earth. Style press the opposite direction with the rainfall average beneath the surface of the water droplets rain. This form is zoom in zoom out so that resistor style speed falls rain water. The low-speed falls to the ground to avoid severe damage due to collision rainwater.

Minimum Requirements :

• Male, max 30 years old
• Minimum Diploma’s degree in Electrical Engineering /Machine Engineering / Informatics Engineering from reputable university / polytechnic, GPA > 2, 75.
• Min.1 year experience in a mobile phone technician, having experience in Telecommunication Industry become positive value
• Good analytical thinking.
• High achiever and hard worker.
• Able to work individually and as a team.
• Able to communicate in English.
• Computer literate

Send your detail CV, the newest photograph not later than September 30, 2009, to: recruitment@diangraha.com or visited our website at www.dgehrmservices.com

(Please put the reference code as e-mail subject. Only qualified candidates will be contacted soon to attend further interview)

Kim Bum was born on July 7,1989. At a young age, Kim Bum has been successful in his career. It can be seen from his films and TV drama such us: Unstoppable High Kick! (2006) as kim bum, Rainbow Romance (2006), Rude Women (2006) as Ji Hu, East of Eden (2008-2009) as Lee Dong Chul, Boys Before Flower (2009) as Soo Yi Jung and Dream as Lee Jang Suk.
Kim Bum currently studying at Chung-Ang University and is taking course of film/theatre department.You also can see Kim Bum Picture here

Developing DVB as the standard for the global digital television broadcasting through the satellite and the establishment of terestrial begin DVB Project in 1993. DVB Project has approximately 250 institutions that came from an 30-state and consists of a broadcaster, manufacturers, network operators, regulatory bodies and academic institutions. DVB Project does not perform the function as a regulator but based on the work of business and commercial aspects.

In further development of the DVB Project has successfully developed a series of specifications that DVB is not limited to video broadcasting, but has also penetrated to the applications and multimedia services.

Why DVB?
DVB was developed based on the background the importance of the broadcasting system is o open system is supported by the ability of interoperability, flexibility and commercial aspects. As an open system, the DVB standard can be used by the vendor to develop a variety of services and innovative value-added services that mutually compatible with devices from vendors other DVB. In addition, the digital program that is sent based on DVB specifications can be transferred from one transmission medium to another transmission medium with a cheap and easy. Approach taken by DVB is to maximize Existing devices and systems available in the general commercial market.
With digital technology, DVB can utilize the bandwidth usage more efficient. A satellite transponder that normally can only be used for one analog TV programs, using the DVB can be used to broadcast digital TV channel 8. In addition to adding capacity channel TV, the media transmission terestrial image quality can be better in the media and even cable TV, DVB-C services offer two-way interaction.
DVB services inf the future will consist of various types of program that was developed through a number of transmission channels. So that the IRD can be tune for certain services automatically through the navigation system is user friendly tool to add DVB navigation's tool such us DVB-SI (Service Information) is an extension of the Program Specific Information (PSI) from the MPEG-2. DVB Service information on the work as the header of the MPEG container so that the receiver can find out what is needed to decode signal.

Transmision

DVB standard can be applied to a variety of media ranging from satellite transmission (DVB-S), cable (DVB-C) or radio waves terestrial (DVB-T).
Standard DVB-S products is the first project, which allow you to DVB DVB signals via satellite. Document describes the various tools for channel code modulation, including the implementation of the Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK).
System modulation and channel coding system in the DVB Cable (CATV) is described in the document DVB-C standard. This document is a basis for further development of specifications [DVB-use of CS, (Satellite) Master Antenna TV (SMATV).
DVB also manage media use in the terrestrial transmission of DVB-T specification. Utilization of micro-wave signals for delivery over DVB MMDS (Multichannel Microwave Distribution System) can be divided into two specifications: for the MMDS frequencies above 10 GHz (DVB-MS) using DVB-S specification for the frequency below 10 GHz (DVB-MC) is based mainly on the DVB-C.

Conditional Access System

CAS (Conditional Access System) is a subsystem that serves as access control to the program or service so that you can receive service only user who has obtained authorization. CAS consists of several blocks of which technique to make the program or service, Subscriber Management System (SMS), Subscriber Authorization System (SAS) etc.. SMS is essentially a data base containing information of a customer service, while the SAS functions to encrypt and send the code-words that allows an IRD can running program. DVB Project is not to make CAS as part of the DVB standard. However, developing a DVB Common Scrambling algorithm, the tools to make Transport Program Elementary streams or streams. DVB free use of the appropriate type of CAS with the service needs of some members DVB vendors that offer products in a competitive commercial.
Many of the services offered in the DVB will require some form of interaction between the user and the program provider or network operator. Interaction can become command transmission but may also require the interaction is quite intensive, as happened in the communication through the Internet. Interactive TV is identified as one of the important keys that will be the digital transmission system in the future. Various members of DVB has developed a comprehensive plan of introducing interactive TV since 1997. The occurrence of convergence in this area allows the back of a point in the future world broadcasting.
Various return channel DVB specifications have been published by ETSI including DVB-rcc (Cable) and DVB-RCT (Telephone or ISDN), which is the complement of the DVB-NIP (Network Independent Protocols) is based on MPEG-2 DSM-CC (Digital Storage Media-Command and Control)

DVB classified for the new technology vendors, network providers and the broadcaster. One of the strengths of the DVB technology lies in the fact that DVB transmission allows some sizzle on the high-speed data are point-to-multipoint with a safe from possible transmission errors. To enable transmission of data, including the possibility of repeating the same data transmission at a fixed time interval or not they still have developed a DVB specification for data broadcasting.
Although the DVB project has reached the stage various development activities continue to be among, the development of solutions to broadcast DVB High Definition Television (HDTV), Specification for Digital Satellite News Gathering (SNG-D), Specification for the interface that will connect the world with DVB signal network PDH, SDH and ATM, which is managed by the operator's telecommunication network, etc.

Background:
Nanoclay particles offer a cost effective reinforcement for thermoplastic polymers. The main challenge in exploiting these materials is optimisation of their morphology. This can potentially be achieved in a typical industrial forming process, through a careful optimisation of process parameters. Advanced computational modelling of such processes can be a useful tool in achieving that goal.

Research tasks:
The successful candidate will work on the development of advanced computational modelling of a highly-complex nonlinear behaviour of nanoclay-reinforced polymers subjected to mechanical loads at temperatures around glass transition. The ultimate objective of this research is to optimise process parameters (strain, strain rate, temperature) to enhance both mechanical and barrier properties of polymer nanocomposites. The research will address: (1) implementation of the 3D polymer constitutive model into FE software ABAQUS, (2) development of computational models reflecting 3D nanocomposite morphologies, and (3) development and implementation of a
3D multi-scale strategy to predict overall nanocomposite response.
Eligibility criteria and further information: Both EU and non-EU resident candidates will be considered. Candidates should hold a first or upper second class degree in engineering (or closely related discipline). They should have a strong background in solid mechanics and FEM, previous experience in programming (e.g. Fortran, Python), and interest in polymers.

Applications should include a personal statement (max. 800 words), CV, student transcript and the names and email addresses of two referees. Please direct all enquiries and applications to Dr. Lukasz Figiel by email: Lukasz.Figiel@ul.ie

The position is available immediately. Applications will be considered on a rolling basis until the post is filled.

WHO CAN APPLY
Students of any country and age with one of the following degrees:

• academic title conferred by foreign institutions, recognised as equivalent to an Italian title by the relevant academic authorities, also considering inter-university specific agreements of cooperation and mobility;
• an Italian laurea specialistica (3+2 years) or laurea magistrale (5 years)
• an Italian university degree - pre-reform regime (4 years).
• Note: to be admitted to the competition applicants must obtain the 2nd level degree no later than October 31, 2009.

Applicants with a foreign university degree (not validated by an Italian authority yet):
In order to obtain the certification of equivalence by this University Teachers' Board and for the sole purposes of the admission, applicants with a foreign university degree must attach to the application form:

• a certified copy of the University degree with the complete list of exams, the translation into Italian and the relevant authentication.
• a "Statement of validity" (Dichiarazione di valore) of the above mentioned document by the Italian Embassy or the Italian Consulate set in the country of the University which have released this document. This statement of validity must certify that the title is suitable for admission to an academic course at the same level of the PhD in the country where it has been released.

• applicants may also include all documentation, duly certified and translated into Italian, which may be judged appropriate for the purposes of the evaluation by part of the Teachers' Board (courses, programs, exams, etc).

Note: admission is sub condicione for those candidates with foreign university degree who cannot deliver the required documents before the admission competition.
Documents must be delivered before the enrolment to the course.

DEADLINES FOR APPLICATIONS
Applications must be received by Ufficio Dottorato no later than September 18, 2009. Info about admission exams, test dates and other details are available in the section of the announcement regarding the single doctorate courses.
Every communication (exam dates, ranking of qualified candidates, deadline of enrolment, further notice) will be given only by the official website: http://www.unibo.it